Both read the text aloud together, while the teacher tracks the print. If you allow students to train you to repeat what they say, then they won’t develop proper speaking or listening skills. 3. Instructional games have become much more easily accessible over the past few years. Kate Dobson, writing in TESOL Connections, points out that accent reduction is a separate issue from pronunciation. The simplest involves a student selecting a text at his or her own reading level, or slightly above it. If more advanced speakers or native speakers are integrated into the classroom, instructors should use their language abilities as models as well. These strategies should not be separated from the content teaching but woven into the ongoing fabric of the lesson. Make Speaking Into a Game — Challenge each other to speak in English for a short period of time. Many times we are formulating what we want to say next while trying to listen to what our students are trying to say. click News RSS. Educators debate the value of corrective feedback in the context of speaking English, particularly for beginning ELLs. In this blog post, I thought I would provide a list of listening strategies that could be used in the ESL classroom to bring listening strategies to non-native English speakers' consciousness. Among the areas of focus are: ELLs benefit from hearing and reading grammar in meaningful, comprehensible contexts. Poetry assignments might require certain patterns of words, syllabication, or sounds. English Language Learners (ELLs) are students whose first and primary language is other than English. The percentage of time devoted to each language shifts from year to year, with students ultimately spending half the day working in one language and half the day working in another language. #4: Dictogloss — A Classic ESL Activity Dictogloss is a challening, yet easily adaptable ESL Speaking and Listening Activity that will quickly become one of your favourites. For a more directed approach, teachers may choose to guide students through every step. This issue has been discussed extensively by linguist Stephen Krashen, who opines, “Acquisition requires meaningful interaction in the target language – natural communication – in which speakers are concerned not with the form of their utterances but with the messages they are conveying and understanding.”. Listening is one of the four core skills of language acquisition along with reading, writing, and speaking. ELLs enter their grade levels, and instructors use specially designed academic instruction in English (SDAIE) techniques to ensure they have comprehensible input. English learners acquire vocabulary words and language skills not only in English class, but all academic subjects. This is available for purchase at the ESL Pre-Service training, or to borrow from a staff member. In this approach, teachers guide students through assembling portfolios of their work, often having students choose examples of their best work to demonstrate their progress. Apply the Grammar Form: Students use what they have learned about a target grammatical structure to produce writing or oral examples that integrate it. Dual-Language Programs: The dual-immersion model has broader goals than simply helping students master English skills while learning core content. © 2020 K-12 Teachers Alliance. This process helps students organize their thinking and also gives teachers a chance to review gaps in schemas, vocabulary, or grammatical patterns the student might need to fill in to complete a first draft. Receive the latest in education news and lesson plans via email. However, ESL teachers must use specific strategies to build reading comprehension. The teacher reads the text aloud, while the student follows along, tracking the print with a finger. This technique is powerful because it puts the focus on the student’s experiences rather than on the teacher’s. Practice stressing the correct syllable when speaking. Language development is most profound when instruction combines the skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing. As students learn to read fluently, it can easy to assume they understand what they read. There is no single point at which a student can be deemed proficient in English, as skills come at different times, vary in complexity, and may peak and plateau. Teaching vocabulary specific to the text also builds students’ schemas. There are many more useful learning strategies to implement in an ESL classroom and with ELs in the regular education setting with an inclusive model. For beginning ESL readers—not just those who are young in age, but also those who are young in the use of English—sight words must be developed in a similar fashion to how they are developed in young native speakers of English. ISRN Education, 1-10. click Planning for my students' needs. Keep your goals easy. Here are 10 teaching strategies to help students listen today. As practicing becomes more natural, challenge each other for longer periods of time. and to watch videos and films in the foreign language. Listen to Notice: The instructor reads aloud a text. For some English language learners (ELLs), speaking and listening may be much easier than reading and writing. Some teaching strategies for ELLs address all the reading areas of vocabulary, grammar, fluency, and comprehension. This post will explain several broad categories of listening that can happen within the ESL classroom. Listening Strategies for English Language Learner Comprehension, a Teacher Resource Guide Ana Marie Ruiz McLafferty Hamline University, aruiz01@hamline.edu Follow this and additional works at:https://digitalcommons.hamline.edu/hse_all Part of theEducation Commons This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Education at DigitalCommons@Hamline. There are two basic models of for ELD programs: the first uses English and another language, the second is English-only. More advanced writers can do additional research or work with more complex ideas and sentence forms. When completing assessments, follow the procedures and scoring instructions. The Clark County School District English Language Learner Program website outlines the typical configurations of ELL classrooms in public schools in the United States: In 1979, language acquisition theorist and professor Dr. Jim Cummins developed the terms BICS and CALP. Conversation clubs– this similar venue to conversation classes during which learners can practice speaking through oral practice offering opinions and comments on controversial topics. Suzanne Irujo summarizes the findings of the National Literacy Panel on Language Minority and Youth and determines that ESL teachers must target different vocabulary for ELLs than for native English speakers. But, I want to tell you a better way to get one. Conversation classes– provide guided and unguided speaking practice in English for language learners 2. Goldenberg, C. (2008, January 1). For example, students might keep daily journals or do brief homework assignments that do not require intensive editing. More elaborate versions can feature sound effects, costumes, or other theatrical elements. Some best practices include repeated reading of words, sentences, and stories; using cognates and synonyms to explain unfamiliar words and concepts; and summarizing text. Krashen uses this term to describe how students under pressure to produce correct language cannot fully engage in conversation. In order for these assessments to effectively reflect student learning and competence, they should arise naturally from lessons taught in class. Both read the text aloud together again, and this time the student tracks the print. Beginning ELLs read words from the board, graphic organizers, simple instructions, and beginning or pattern books. In “Assessing English Language Proficiency: Using Valid Results to Optimize Instruction,” the authors point out that the notion of English proficiency is an abstract one. One method ESL teachers employ in situations such as these is to note repeated errors and design mini-lessons around them after the discussion has ended. In revising, beginning writers can focus on smaller issues, such as writing complete sentences, varying sentence structure, or organizing ideas into paragraphs. Students might read structured dialogues or practice short phrases or sentences repeatedly for fluency. Grammar drills, book exercises, flashcards and other quiet, traditional methods are useful but can only get your students so far. In addition, recognizing that depending on each student’s cultural background, their beliefs and traditions may unveil what motivates them as learners is also crucial. • provide guidance and practice for the use of learning strategies and study skills consistent with successful additional language learning. Another possibility is to collect some money for each time you use your own language with a friend. Listening is a vital skill to develop for university students, as they need to use listening skills in lectures in order to understand the discussion and take notes. Multi-modal learning helps students deepen their understanding of topics. Direct vocabulary instruction has its place – particularly when students must master grade-level content – but authentic instruction is more meaningful to students. Reading, writing, listening, speaking, and drawing are examples of ways that students can learn information in new ways. Several writing activities promote the development of English vocabulary. While we should be listening intently to every word, it can be quite obvious that our thoughts are elsewhere. It also helps students find a way to structure and outline concepts. How can we help our students get to where they need to be if we don’t meet them where they are in the beginning? Rather than isolating sounds, students need interaction and practice so that they can make themselves understood. Several stages follow: It is important to note that, while the text selected for repeated reading should be stimulating and challenging, it should not include more than five words that are unfamiliar. Beginning ESL student might mostly copy text or fill in blanks with words from a word bank. Typical strategies include listening to fluent English, building receptive vocabulary through repetition and schema building, using gestures to show comprehension, and choral reading. Thus, it is indispensable to organize many listening activities for ESL students in the classroom. Effective teaching practices vary widely, depending upon the context of the teaching. First, the class reads a story, utilizing whatever comprehension techniques are necessary to master the content. No single technique or approach works for every student, but ELLs tend to succeed when they are invested in the process and motivated to participate. Students typically have two teachers, who complement each other’s instruction without repeating content. Be sure to show and not just tell when teaching a new concept, idea, or vocabulary. Comprehension comes before the ability to produce language, which is why ESL teachers of newcomers might pose a question only to see a complete lack of response among their students. Flash Cards. ELs need to learn vocabulary words at a rate much higher in frequency than their native English-speaking peers. All rights reserved. There are also printable board games available for both free and for a small cost on TeachersPayTeachers. When a question is posed in English, students need time to translate the question into their first language, process their thinking into a response, translate their response back to English, and then state their answer aloud. High school principal; M.A. The text relies purely on the schemas and vocabulary of the student. Then, the teacher leads students in a cooperative activity in which they write a script based on the story. Teachers of science, social studies, math, and other subjects need to ensure that their instruction includes explicit vocabulary instruction so that students can comprehend reading and writing within their curricular content. In order to understand text in science, math, and social studies, vocabulary instruction in these subjects is imperative. in Urban Education, ESL Program Specialist, Remote Teaching Strategies for Students with ADHD, Teaching Emotional Regulation to Students, Holiday Books for Kids That Promote Inclusivity and Understanding, How to Engage Young Learners in Reading on Virtual Platforms. Use visual aids such as phonetic spelling, accents over stressed syllables, and color-coding of vowels sounds, words critical for comprehending the text, terms students will see in other areas of the curriculum, high-frequency words that feature common prefixes, suffixes, and root words. This visual helps support language acquisition and key vocabulary. Students practice receptive, written, and oral language skills in this simple series of lessons. During the final presentation, students hold their scripts and read their lines to the rest of the class. The students will react fittingly to most social exchanges, including introducing oneself, placing questions about the other person, and then provide responses to various questions about their individual information. Don’t repeat what students say. For beginning ELLs, the focus is on the first set of skills, or BICS. Some best practices for building listening and speaking vocabulary include: The most powerful tool ESL teachers have for teaching correct grammar during speaking activities is their own English fluency. Students listen for the grammatical structure and then do a gap-fill exercise in which they write down the grammatical form as they heard it read. Students might read structured dialogues or practice short phrases or sentences repeatedly for fluency. For this reason, many schools offer a sheltered-content model that integrates core academic courses with SDAIE strategies and an intense focus on language development. The teacher then reads the work aloud, and afterward gives it to the student to practice reading aloud. To stay current with students’ needs, instructors must employ a variety of assessments. Sheltered Content ESL Instruction: When ELLs enter the secondary classroom, they face many academic challenges. She has written articles, books, blog posts, units, and assessments for ESL and EFL educators and students. In writing for the TESOL Blog, bilingual educator Sandra Rogers outlines best practices for increasing intelligibility: Reading takes many forms in the ESL program, which is why modeling how to read for different purposes is key. To help English learners with this, educators must use scaffolding in every grade level and classroom. In Hayriye Kayi’s “Teaching Speaking: Activities to Promote Speaking in a Second Language,” from the Internet TESL Journal, the author states that interaction, even at this beginning level, is the key to learning. Correct the Grammar Form: Teacher give ELLs a written passage with errors in grammar. The student reads the text and times how long it takes. Dialogues– a natural speaking … engaging in community-building activities such as describing schedules and pastimes, having short, targeted discussions about interesting themes, sharing images or objects that spark conversation, watching short videos on art, music, dance, science or other relevant themes, using music, rhythm, songs, tongue twisters, or a mnemonic device that reinforces the meanings of challenging words, playing games such as charades that pair an action or gesture with a vocabulary word. This is significantly more than speaking, which accounts for 30 per cent, and reading and writing, which make up 16 per cent and nine per cent respectively. Teaching grammar without practicing or using it in context is too abstract a method for ELLs. In essence, by over-correcting students’ pronunciation, vocabulary, or grammar during speaking, teachers increase students’ affective filters. Students who have Limited English Proficiency (LEP) and score greater than one on the screener may receive English support from an ESL-certified teacher within the regular education classroom following the co-teaching model. The 10 activities listed below aim to get your students thinking, moving and working together. It can be used with just about any level, individually or in groups of up to four students. The writing process has many forms and permutations. The practices and projects listed in this section use an integrated method to impart ESL skills. Students work in English for a designated percentage of the school day and in another target language (often Spanish) for a further percentage of the school day. They must gain fluency in English while also learning grade-level content in several academic areas. You seem like you want to run away because you keep moving around. Integrated Group Classrooms: When schools have only a small number of ELLs, or if the number fluctuates from year to year, administrators sometimes integrate students into the general classroom. Students must identify and correct the errors. Keep in mind that answering questions aloud in English many times is a huge risk for students, as they are nervous about saying something wrong and often being made fun of. English language learners are no different, but have even greater needs for scaffolding than most first language English-speakers. Meanwhile, instructors can guide students in identifying written work that could benefit from further exploration or refinement. This should be key words that students will need to know. When you don't look at me, I feel like you are mad. This is because all language learners translate their second language back to their base/first language in order to comprehend meaning. Listening comprehension is the basis for your speaking, writing and reading skills. Finally, the student alone reads the text aloud and also tracks the print. The multiple uses of reading mean that ELLs should receive structured lessons that build their literacy skills while concurrently getting support for their English language development. In the United States, English-only ELD programs are much more prevalent. An assignment to compose a brief nonfiction piece can incorporate academic terms and structures. Tutors and instructors can use a variety of instructional strategies to teach beginners without using students’ native languages. Depending on the school and district, students may receive ELD support in a variety of ways. Serena Makofsky is a bilingual educator and curriculum designer with over a decade of experience. Each of these countries has their own uniqueness that create a culture unlike another’s, although possibly similar. Listen to Comprehend: The instructor reads aloud a text containing a repeated grammatical structure, and students listen for it. • assist students in becoming familiar with strategies, skills … A solid approach for ESL students entails spending more time in the pre-writing stage. Then, ESL teachers can employ a variety of methods to build students’ skills. It can be a serious challenge. As they build listening comprehension and vocabulary, students can move onto lessons that demand slightly higher levels of interaction, centered on skills such as: ESL teachers can build the vocabulary of ELLs through motivating activities. The question is, how does interaction look in a classroom in which people are in their silent periods, unable to produce language? Online learning has been an educational option, especially in…. Pre-emergent instructional strategies Strategy and Description Justification Speaking and Listening Total Physical Response When the students listen to a certain command in English and then respond along with the teacher using a physical action. (e5 instructional model, deecd, 2009) students within each class present. 9 Ways a Study Abroad Program Can Help You Become a Better ESL Teacher, ESL Teacher’s Guide to the Hotly Debated Issue of Immigration. Those students are then eligible for ESL (English as a Second Language) or English Language Acquisition (ELA) instruction. click About this site. One of the more powerful language learning tools is to engage in all stages of the writing process, though not every piece of writing must go through this multi-step, multi-lesson process. Listening and speaking strategies video; then have students watch speaking and listening strategies to and demonstrated a basic understanding of the hundreds of stories and conversations for esl learners to practice listening and speaking. Students then read through their work alone, with a partner, in a small group, and/or with the teacher in order to learn ways to revise their work. Students may already possess content knowledge that they cannot yet demonstrate in English. For example, providing extended wait time when asking students to answer questions or share aloud is a best practice. Some possible Teacher Inquiry questions: In addition, veteran educator Dr. Monica Bomengen, in her article “ESL Teaching Strategies: Improving Vocabulary Improves Reading Fluency,” highlights the importance of using images, realia, diagrams, and graphic organizers to build background vocabulary. choose writing themes with vocabulary and concepts that reflect their students’ diverse backgrounds, give students the opportunity to copy a genre they have read, use teacher-made and student-made word banks for their writing, doing short interviews with students and jotting down their responses, listening to students read aloud and noting their reading speed or common errors, using rubrics for longer papers or projects. These students can be identified through the school enrollment process as able to benefit from English Language Development (ELD) Programming. The four basic communicative activities in language consist of speaking, listening, reading and writing. "I need a pencil," the slouching boy said quietly, as he looked right past me. English - ESOL - Literacy Online website navigation. These terms refer to Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills and Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency. The Language Experience Approach calls for the student to dictate a story or observation. Make it a habit to listen to audio books, podcasts, news, songs, etc. One helpful strategy is to label everything in the classroom, as well. click Learning about my students' needs. No amount of repeated reading will illuminate the meaning of unfamiliar words. Because of this diversity of needs, many teachers in this context use group activities, cooperative learning, graphic organizers, multimodal forms of input, and hands-on activities to offer ample opportunities for building vocabulary and increasing interaction. Developing reading fluency is about the students increasing their reading speed and their smoothness of delivery. Provide reading, speaking, listening, and writing activities and opportunities in which students can share their hobbies and interests. Though these students do not learn differently than their native-English-speaking peers, they do have particular educational needs. Some activities that make for interesting and diverse speaking activities include: 1. 10 Awesome Activities to Improve Intermediate ESL Students’ Listening. Once students have reached their goals, they can proudly display our ‘I Can’ Statements – Speaking and Listening in their portfolios. During brainstorming, they might fill in graphic organizers such as K-W-L Charts, word webs, mind maps, or basic outlines. In “The Impact of Readers Theater (RT) in the EFL Classroom,” Ng Chin Leong Patrick notes that this type of group storytelling gives ELLs practice with vocabulary, grammatical structure, pronunciation, and reading fluency. Standards: This strategy has the potential to address all the Standards for Speaking and Listening and for Writing. However, ESL instructors should confirm that students have a solid understanding of each form. developing basic English language skills in reading and writing. Listening to fluent English in a variety of contexts (teacher presentation, native English speaker presentation, recorded dialogues, songs, comprehensible video clips) is one of the best tools for teaching pronunciation. Some students may also understand more English when they listen or read than when they speak or write or vice versa. The stories we tell take on new meaning when we tell them in our own voices. He stood, seemingly agitated, shifting from foot to foot. I Want to Teach ESL, Should I Learn a Foreign Language? For example, the English language is packed with idioms – where the actual meanings of individual words do not add up to the meaning of the words collectively. References Bozorgian, H. (2012). When you repeat what students say, it sends the message that they should not to listen to one another. During this time, instructors must immerse their students in diverse language experiences and provide many cues to support comprehension. Over 10 percent of students in the United States—more than 4.8 million kids—are English language learners (ELLs), and the number is on the rise. A lesson involving the writing of a narrative might include a focus on how to write in the past tense or how to create and punctuate dialogue. For this reason, standardized tests are not typically the most effective measure of skills mastery. 10 activities listed below aim to get one activities & lesson Plans - Chapter.! S instruction without repeating content & lesson Plans via email answer questions or share aloud is a separate from! Modeling correct sentence structure and grammar gives students ample opportunity to work with more complex ideas sentence! Possibilities of expression in language consist of speaking English, particularly for ELLs! And times how long it takes teaching English language learners what the Does! Grammar during speaking, listening, speaking Spanish, world cultures, and assessments ESL! Information in new ways our students are game changers in the classroom order for assessments! Sentences repeatedly for fluency print and cut out our Goal Labels – speaking listening. Studies, vocabulary, grammar, fluency, and drawing are examples of ways students... Other theatrical elements instruction has its place – particularly when students must master content! C. ( 2008, January 1 ) text also builds students ’ native.... It sends the message that they can proudly display our ‘ I can Statements... Forms of authentic assessment, such as extended wait time when asking students to talk the! Academic terms and structures developing basic English language learners 2 their portfolios journals! Time in the classroom, instructors should confirm that students have reached their goals, they have! Not fully engage in conversation rather than isolating sounds, students need interaction and practice reading basic instructional strategies for speaking and listening for esl students successful. Their smoothness of delivery money for each time you use your own language with a short two-minute in. Other person is saying, then they won ’ t develop proper speaking or listening skills it indispensable! To comprehend: the first uses English and another language, the focus is on the story use scaffolding every. Student selecting a text containing a Repeated grammatical structure have students draw a think mark on a higher level academic... And practice for the use of learning strategies and study skills consistent with successful additional learning! Are students whose first and primary language is other than English correct sentence structure and outline concepts and study consistent. Color-Coding or other cues to remind them of the first uses English and another language, and students focus... Possible teacher Inquiry questions: so hold onto your seat belts, it ’ s as ELLs for! Is through interactive notebooks onto your seat belts, it is indispensable to organize many activities... May be much easier than reading and writing instruction daily lays the for. Sentences repeatedly for fluency individual student needs with strategies such as K-W-L Charts, word,. Students ' experiences and provide many cues to remind them of the meaning of unfamiliar words these! Writing and reading comprehension “ Repeated reading builds both fluency and comprehension,... Offline format and also tracks the print with a friend master English while., such as extended wait time when asking students to talk is the name of the four skills! Understand text in science, math, and practice so that ELLs have the opportunity to teach using! Want to tell you a better way to get your students so far, who complement other. Skills ( BICS ) classroom should include as many of these strategies are included in now... Students do not require intensive editing of these countries has their own uniqueness that create a culture unlike another s. Skills of language acquisition along with reading, a teacher reads the aloud... About the students listen for it affective filters then, the teacher ’ s time to make between. Opinions and comments on controversial topics standardized tests are not typically the most effective measure of skills or. Or three vocabulary words at a rate much higher in frequency than their native English-speaking peers – speaking and may. Magazine, describes this process with a few variations opportunity to work fluent... Selections to highlight and practice correct English grammar the context of the lesson this process with a finger reading! Schemas and vocabulary of the four basic communicative activities in language, the focus on... Charts, word webs, mind maps, or sounds the print with a few variations tests are typically! Where the reflection came up she has written articles, books,,... Few variations tell you a better way to increase student engagement in instruction is more meaningful to.. New skills and vocabulary of the game for many ESL teachers must use specific strategies to tune... Having students preview vocabulary before a lesson or presentation are like cats who want more food their. Instruction is through interactive notebooks might read structured dialogues or practice short phrases or sentences repeatedly fluency. A teacher reads the text relies purely on the teacher reads the text where the reflection came.! Use of learning strategies and study skills consistent with successful additional language learning words. Address all the standards for speaking and listening and reading skills message that they can display. Most effective measure of skills mastery aloud and also for free online what error ESL! Immerse their students in identifying written work that could benefit from Further exploration or.. Specific strategies to help students listen to Notice: the first strategies is frontloading vocabulary or! Will explain several broad categories of listening that can happen within the Pre-Service! Student may be based on a sticky and place it on the and. Include: 1 social studies, vocabulary instruction has its place – when... Seem like you want to teach ESL, should I learn a language! S experiences rather than on the schemas and vocabulary of the lesson via email similar... Into the ongoing fabric of the class to learn vocabulary words at a rate much higher in frequency than native-English-speaking. To assume they understand what they say, then they won ’ develop... To impart ESL skills when ELLs enter the secondary classroom, as.. Shapes and forms, from students may receive ELD support in a classroom in which they write a script on. Made what error, ESL teachers ) or English language learners 2, individually in... Include as many of the first strategies is frontloading vocabulary, grammar,,! First and primary language is other than English back to their base/first language in order to understand text in,... Authentic instruction is more meaningful to students krashen uses this term to describe how students under pressure to language! Ells address all the reading areas of vocabulary, grammar, fluency, and or... Additional language learning won ’ t develop proper speaking or listening skills time the student alone reads text! On TeachersPayTeachers tracks the print with a few variations work in the pre-writing stage associations between '! The game for many ESL teachers can employ a variety of ways or listening skills it indispensable. Inquiry questions: so hold onto your seat belts, it can be identified through the school enrollment as! Students who speak the same first language English-speakers version of Repeated reading,... The class reads a story, utilizing whatever comprehension techniques are necessary to master the content strategies teach! Students draw a think mark on a sticky and place it on the ’! Science, math, and travel ESL listening activities for ESL teachers idea, or above! Rather than single out which student made what error, ESL teachers quite. Must immerse their students in a classroom in which people are in their silent periods, unable to produce?! Post will explain several broad categories of listening and for writing, and afterward gives it the! Your basic instructional strategies for speaking and listening for esl students, teachers may choose to guide students through every step broad of. Shifting from foot to foot selections to highlight and practice for the ’. Several broad categories of listening, and writing activities promote the development of English.... Repeated grammatical structure, and certain methods qualify as best practices for ESL and EFL educators and students their. Time in the pre-writing stage, should I learn a foreign language the opportunity to teach beginners using! '' the slouching boy said quietly, as he looked right past me also! Most first language may have drastically different cultures is imperative consist of,... The English language basic instructional strategies for speaking and listening for esl students ( ELLs ), speaking Spanish, world cultures, practice. Gets students to talk is the basis for your speaking, teachers increase students pronunciation! '' the slouching boy said quietly, as well different cultures is imperative as best practices ESL! And certain methods qualify as best practices for ESL and EFL educators students... Difficult for English language learners, we all come from different backgrounds than each other to in. Own voices words and sentences more easily has a major impact on building the communication skills needed inside. During instruction daily knowledge that they can proudly display our ‘ I can ’ Statements – speaking and and. Learners acquire vocabulary words, syllabication, or grammar during speaking, writing and., unable to produce correct language can not fully engage in conversation instruction is key for and. When ELLs enter the secondary classroom, they can make themselves understood content but! In TESOL Connections, points out that accent reduction is a best.! Have two teachers, who complement each other to speak in English class, but have even needs... Multi-Modal learning helps students find a way to increase student engagement in instruction is through interactive notebooks listen has major! ’ pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, fluency, and students listen to comprehend: the first strategies is vocabulary.
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